Категории
История 
Abbreviations просмотров - 277
Centuries
Decades
Years
XV. The Two Winstons 61
XIV. The Empire of Good Intentions 56
XIII. Victoria and Her Sisters 52
XII. Forces of Nature 47
XI. The Wrong Empire 43
X. Britannia Incorporated 38
IX. Revolutions 36
VIII. The British Wars 34
VII. The Body of the Queen 30
VI. Burning Convictions 22
V. King Death 20
IV. Nations 16
III. Dynasty 13
II. Conquest 11
I. Beginnings. 6
Useful Tips 5
Contents Pages
Useful tips: how to pronounce historical expressions
1666 = sixteen sixty-six; 1705 = seventeen-oh-five;
1800 = eighteen hundred; 1914 = nineteen fourteen;
2000 = the year two thousand; 2006 =two thousand and six
the 1790s= the seventeen-nineties
the 191Os = the nineteen-tens
1500-1599 = the sixteenth century; 1700s= the seventeen hundreds
the XX century = the twentieth century; the XXI century = the twenty-first century; the 1280s= the end of the thirteenth century
CE/c.e. = Common/Current/Christian Era.Another way of indicating the same period is
AD,the traditional calendar era, Anno Domini .
BCE/b.c.e. =Before the Common/Current/Christian Era (an alternative to Before Christ, abbreviated BC).
The two notations (CE/BCE and AD/BC) are equivalent; thus "2013 CE" = "AD 2013" and
"399 BCE" = "399 BC".
Kings' and Queens' Names
For rulers we use Roman numbers:
Elizabeth I = Elizabeth the First
Elizabeth II = Elizabeth the Second
George III = George the Third
George IV = George the Fourth
Читайте также
Initial abbreviations Initialisms are the bordering case between graphical and lexical abbreviations. When they appear in the language, as a rule, to denote some new offices they are closer to graphical abbreviations because orally full forms are used, e.g. J.V. - joint venture. When they are used for some duration of time they acquire the shortened form of pronouncing and become closer to lexical abbreviations, e.g. BBC is as a rule pronounced in the shortened form. In some cases the... [читать подробенее]
P. Abrahams (P.A.) Al. Huxley (Al. H.) C. Ahern (C. A.) R. Kipling (R. K.) R. Aldington (R. A.) J. Lindsay (J. L.) J. Archer (J. A.) W.S. Maugham (W.S.M.) N. Bawlden (N. B.) J. Michael (J. M.) T. Capote (T. C.) H. Munro (H. M.) J. Cooper (J. C.) O. Nash (O. N.) Ch. Dickens (D.) E. O’Neill (O’N.) W. Deeping (W. D) J. Dos Passos (J. D... [читать подробенее]
Appendix 3 Названия некоторых стран, национальностей и языков Список некоторых географических названий Приставки Суффиксы Словообразование (Word Formation) Таблица 31 Суффиксы Словообразование 1. существительных -ance (-ence) -er (-or) -ing -t(ion) -ism -ist -(i) ty ... [читать подробенее]
GRAMMAR PRACTICE Exercise 1. Insert the article where necessary: 1. Have you … grandfather? 2. My brother is … doctor. 3. … Doctor Smith is in. 4. There are … beautiful flowers in … park. 5. Come to … blackboard and write … Exercise 55 on it. 6. You have … mistake in … word “table”. 7. He is … my old friend. 8. He gave her … cigarette and lighted it. 9. We were shocked by … scene that followed. 10. …Elbrus is … highest peak of … Caucasus. 11. … Japan... [читать подробенее]
APPENDIX II Latin and Greek terms used in English APPENDIX I Find the most common idioms in your language, try to find their equivalents in English. Make up sentences or situations of your own using the idioms. Some of them are given below. Singular Plural adenoma adenomata albicans albicantia amigdala amigdafae antrum antra apex apices apparatus apparatus appendix appendices aqua ... [читать подробенее]
Centuries Decades Years XV. The Two Winstons 61 XIV. The Empire of Good Intentions 56 XIII. Victoria and Her Sisters 52 XII. Forces of Nature 47 XI. The Wrong Empire 43 X. Britannia Incorporated 38 IX. Revolutions 36 VIII. The British Wars 34 VII. The Body of the Queen 30 VI. Burning Convictions 22 V. King Death 20 IV. Nations 16 III. Dynasty 13 II. Conquest 11 I. Beginnings. 6 Useful Tips... [читать подробенее]
1. PC/XT (Personal Computer eXtended Technology) – персональный компьютер с расширенной технологией. 2. PC/AT (Personal Computer Advanced Technology) – персональный компьютер с усовершенствованной технологией. 3. ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) – архитектура промышленного стандарта. 4. EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) –... [читать подробенее]
A growing custom to use laconic forms, to call countries, different official organizations by initial abbreviations typical of written speech was established in English since 30s – 40s of the XX-th century. They are very popular on the threshhold of the XXI-st century. There are two types of orthoepic correlation between written and spoken forms. If the abbreviated written form is read as an ordinary English word it is called an acronym: UNO – United Nations Organization, USA – United... [читать подробенее]
ABBREVIATION In the process of communication words and word-groups can be shortened. The causes of shortening can be linguistic and extra-linguistic. By extra-linguistic causes changes in the life of people are meant. In Modern English many new abbreviations, acronyms , initials, blends are formed because the tempo of life is increasing and it becomes necessary to give more and more information in the shortest possible time. There are also linguistic causes of abbreviating words and... [читать подробенее]
ABBREVIATION. In the process of communication words and word-groups can be shortened. The causes of shortening can be linguistic and extra-linguistic. By extra-linguistic causes changes in the life of people are meant. In Modern English many new abbreviations, acronyms , initials, blends are formed because the tempo of life is increasing and it becomes necessary to give more and more information in the shortest possible time. There are also linguistic causes of abbreviating words and... [читать подробенее]