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Lesson 7 The Earth
Answer the following questions
Using the given chart , answer the following questions
1. Which planets have a longer day than year?
2. Which planet has the most moons?
3. Which is the hottest planet?
4. Which planet has the shortest day and the longest year?
5. Which planet has the closest length of a day to the Earth?
6. Which is the smallest planet?
7. If an Astronomical Unit is the distance from the Earth to the Sun, how many astronomical units away is Pluto?
Table 1
| Name | Moons | Average Temp.C | Rotation | Orbit | Av. distance from Sun (million miles) | Diameter (miles) |
| Mercury | -167to427 | 58.6 days | 87.97 days | 36.04 | ||
| Venus | 243.2 days | 224.70 days | 67.11 | |||
| Earth | -51 to 48 | 23.9 hrs | 365.26 days | 92.99 | ||
| Mars | -123to-30 | 24.6 hrs | 686.98 days | 141.61 | ||
| Jupiter | -117 | 9.8 hrs | 11.86 years | 483.66 | ||
| Saturn | -180 | 10.7 hrs | 29.46 years | 886.72 | ||
| Uranus | -221 | 17.2 hrs | 84.01 years | 1783.38 | ||
| Neptune | -216 | 16.0 hrs | 164.79 years | 2794.38 | ||
| Pluto | -230 | 6.3 days | 247.69 years | 3666.19 |
What is the cosmos? What is the Universe?
What galaxy do we live in?
What does the Solar System consist of?
Give all the data relating to the sun.
How are the planets arranged in the Solar System?
Distinguish between the asteroids and the comets.
How could the Solar System have originated according to the “catastrophic” theory?
How could the Solar System have originated according to the nebular theory?
6.12 Write down a summarizing sentence for each paragraph of the text “The Universe and the Solar System”. On the basis of the above task prepare an oral summary of the text
sphere – сфера, шар
spheroid – сфероид
pole – полюс
layer – оболочка
atmosphere – атмосфера
hydrosphere – гидросфера
lithosphere – литосфера
liquid – жидкий
crust – земная кора
mantle – мантия
boundary – граница
granite – гранит
sedimentary rocks – осадочные породы
silicate rocks – силикатные породы
basalt – базальт
density – плотность
property - свойство
radioactivity – радиоактивность
lead – свинец
uranium – уран
to yield – давать
approximately – приблизительно
| to compare with | масса Земли |
| a tiny speck | различные свойства |
| the mass of earth | период времени |
| rigid shell | дно (ложа) океана |
| the ocean floor | газообразное состояние |
| the earth’s interior | сравнивать с … |
| different properties | твердая оболочка |
| length of time gaseous state liquid state solid state | крошечная частица внутренняя часть Земли твёрдое состояние жидкое состояние |
Our planet on which we live, the earth seems to be a very large body. But compared with quite an ordinary star, like the sun the earth is only a tiny speck in the universe. The earth is not a true sphere but a spheroid flattened at the poles so that the axis on which it rotates is shorter by 27 miles than the equatorial diameter. The outer layers of the earth are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the lithosphere. The atmosphere, the outermost layer, is the envelope of gases that surrounds the earth. The hydrosphere includes all the bodies of water on the earth in gaseous, liquid, and solid states. It makes up only 0.02 per cent of the mass of the earth.
The three major parts of the earth are the crust, the mantle, and the core. The outermost more or less rigid shell covering the earth constitutes the earth’s crust. It includes the rocks of the continents as well as the rocks beneath the ocean floor. The lower boundary of the crust is 20 to 25 miles beneath the surface of the continents and only about 4 miles beneath the ocean. The continents are made up of a rock type known as granite covered by a thin layer of sedimentary rocks, and underlain by basalt, while the floor of all ocean basins is mostly underlain by basalt with a thin layer of sedimentary rocks above.
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